Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 6th century BC Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his Aṣṭādhyāyī.
Advanced modelling software has been developed for the assessment of environmental and human exposure to chemicals. This new tool integrates multimedia, PBPK and dose-response models to address the entire exposure assessment chain.