Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 6th century BC Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his Aṣṭādhyāyī.
Researchers have shown for the first time how Arctic rivers are transporting vast quantities of organic carbon into the oceans. This process occurs as the permafrost melts, which is due to climate change.