Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 6th century BC Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his Aṣṭādhyāyī.
Although the Earth is a rocky planet, many aqueous dynamic processes take place beneath its surface making it unique among terrestrial planets. New insight into the role of fluids on properties of materials is directly relevant to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.