Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 6th century BC Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his Aṣṭādhyāyī.
An EU study addressed the weaknesses of integrated assessment models (IAMs) in predicting the economic effects of climate change. The project revealed large uncertainties about the effects in several regions, and created more accurate modelling techniques.