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Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Heriot-Watt University

Artificial Intelligence

Language: English Studies in English
Subject area: computer science
Kind of studies: full-time studies, part-time studies
University website: www.hw.ac.uk
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals. In computer science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".
Wikipedia
Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving. It can be more generally described as the ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.
Wikipedia
Intelligence
We should take care not to make the intellect our god; it has, of course, powerful muscles, but no personality.
Albert Einstein, "The Goal of Human Existence", Out of My Later Years (1956), p. 260
Wikiquote
Artificial Intelligence
The techniques of artificial intelligence are to the mind what bureaucracy is to human social interaction.
Terry Winograd (1991) "Thinking Machines: Can there be? Are we?"
Wikiquote
Artificial Intelligence
Recent researchers in artificial intelligence and computational methods use the term swarm intelligence to name collective and distributed techniques of problem solving without centralized control or provision of a global model. … the intelligence of the swarm is based fundamentally on communication. … the member of the multitude do not have to become the same or renounce their creativity in order to communicate and cooperate with each other. They remain different in terms of race, sex, sexuality and so forth. We need to understand, then, is the collective intelligence that can emerge from the communication and cooperation of such varied multiplicity.
Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri (2004), Multitude, pp. 91-92
Wikiquote

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